Inkungu nemvula kuvamile. Kulezi zimo ezingabonakali kahle, ukushayela noma ukuhamba emgwaqweni kungaba nzima kubashayeli nakubantu abahamba ngezinyawo, kodwa ubuchwepheshe besimanje bokukhanyisa umgwaqo be-LED buhlinzeka abahambi ngokuhamba okuphephile.
Isibani somgwaqo se-LEDingumthombo wokukhanya okubandayo we-solid-state, onezici zokuvikela imvelo, akukho ukungcola, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla aphansi, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside. Ngakho-ke, ukukhanya komgwaqo kwe-LED kuzoba yisinqumo esingcono kakhulu sokuvuselela ukukhanyisa komgwaqo okonga amandla. Ukukhanya komgwaqo kwe-LED kungumthombo wokukhanya we-solid-state osebenza kahle kakhulu osekelwe ku-semiconductor pn junction, ongakhipha ukukhanya ngamandla kagesi abuthakathaka. Ngaphansi kwe-voltage ethile ye-bias enhle kanye nogesi wokujova, imigodi ifakwa esifundeni se-p kanye nama-electron afakwa esifundeni se-n ayasakazeka esifundeni esisebenzayo ngemva kokuhlanganiswa kwemisebe futhi akhiphe ama-photon, aguqule ngqo amandla kagesi abe amandla okukhanya. Ukukhanya komgwaqo kwe-LED kungumthombo wokukhanya we-solid-state osebenza kahle kakhulu osekelwe ku-semiconductor pn junction, ongakhipha ukukhanya ngamandla kagesi abuthakathaka. Ngaphansi kwe-voltage ethile ye-bias enhle kanye nogesi wokujova, imigodi ifakwa esifundeni se-p kanye nama-electron afakwa esifundeni se-n ayasakazeka esifundeni esisebenzayo ngemva kokuhlanganiswa kwemisebe futhi akhiphe ama-photon, aguqule ngqo amandla kagesi abe amandla okukhanya.
Izinzuzo zokukhanya komgwaqo kwe-LED enkungwini nasemvuleni zingabonakala ngezici ezintathu:
1. Ukuqondiswa okungokwemvelo komsebe wokukhanya okhishwayo;
2. Izici zobude bamagagasi ama-LED amhlophe;
3. Imvamisa yalobu bude besikhathi uma iqhathaniswa neminye imithombo yokukhanya.
Umehluko phakathi kokukhanya kwe-LED nazo zonke ezinye izibani zokukhanya ubude besikhathi obuphezulu lapho kukhishwa khona amandla, kanye nendlela amaconsi amanzi ahlangana noma athinta ngayo umsebe kulolo bude besikhathi, ikakhulukazi njengoba usayizi wamaconsi amanzi ushintsha.
Imithombo yokukhanya ekhipha amandla okukhanya ngokuyinhloko kumaza aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka e-spectrum ebonakalayo, njengama-LED, isebenza kangcono kuneminye imithombo yokukhanya ezimweni ezingabonakali kahle.
Ukukhanya esifundeni esiluhlaza okotshani se-spectral range kune-wavelength emfushane kunokukhanya esifundeni esibomvu. Izinhlayiya zomhwamuko wamanzi emkhathini zivame ukudlula ukukhanya ebangeni eliphuzi-orenji-obomvu, kodwa zivame ukusabalalisa ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yokuthi izinhlayiya zamanzi ngokuvamile zifana nama-wavelength aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ngakho-ke, lapho isibhakabhaka sicacile ngemva kwemvula noma umoya ucacile ekwindla (kunezinhlayiya ezimbalwa eziqinile emoyeni, ikakhulukazi ukuhlakazeka kwama-molecule), ngaphansi komphumela onamandla wokuhlakazeka kwama-molecule asemkhathini, ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuyahlakazeka ukuze kugcwalise isibhakabhaka, futhi isibhakabhaka sibonakala siluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Lesi simo saziwa ngokuthi i-Rayleigh scattering.
Ezimweni ezingabonakali kahle, izinhlayiya zamanzi ziyanda ngobukhulu kuze kube yilapho zingasafani ngobukhulu namaza okukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Kuleli qophelo, zifana ngobukhulu namaza okukhanya okuphuzi-orenji-obomvu. Izinhlayiya zamanzi zivame ukuhlakaza nokucindezela ukukhanya kulezi zinhlangothi, kodwa zidlule ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Yingakho ukukhanya kwelanga ngezinye izikhathi kungabonakala kuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma kuluhlaza ngenxa yenkungu.
Kusukela kusayizi wezinhlayiya zamanzi kuya kubude besikhathi, izibani zomgwaqo ze-LED ziyindlela engcono kakhulu yezimo zokubonakala okuphansi. Izinga lokushisa lombala kanye nomklamo wokukhanya kudala izimo zomgwaqo ezinhle kakhulu ngesikhathi semvula nenkungu. Ngokuthuthukisa ukubonakala, izibani zomgwaqo ze-LED zigcina imigwaqo iphephile ezimvula nasezindaweni ezinenkungu.
Uma unesithakazelo ekukhanyeni komgwaqo kwe-LED, wamukelekile ukuxhumana nomkhiqizi wezibani zomgwaqo ze-LED uTIANXIANG ku-Funda kabanzi.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-02-2023