Inkungu nezihlambi kuvamile. Kulezi zimo ezingabonakali kalula, ukushayela noma ukuhamba emgwaqeni kungaba nzima kubashayeli nabahamba ngezinyawo, kodwa ubuchwepheshe besimanje bokukhanyisa umgwaqo we-LED bunikeza abahambi ukuhamba okuphephile.
Ukukhanya komgwaqo we-LEDiwumthombo wokukhanya obandayo wesimo esiqinile, onezici zokuvikela imvelo, akukho ukungcola, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kokukhanya, nokuphila isikhathi eside. Ngakho-ke, ukukhanya komgwaqo we-LED kuzoba yisinqumo esingcono kakhulu sokuvuselela ukonga ukukhanyisa komgwaqo. Ukukhanya komgwaqo we-LED kuwumthombo wokukhanya osebenza kahle kakhulu wesimo esiqinile osuselwe ku-semiconductor pn junction, ongakhipha ukukhanya ngamandla kagesi abuthakathaka. Ngaphansi kwevolthemu ethile yokuchema eqondile nomjovo wamanje, izimbobo ezijovwe ku-p-region kanye nama-electron ajovwe ku-n-region asakazekela endaweni esebenzayo ngemva kokuhlanganiswa kwemisebe futhi akhiphe ama-photon, aguqule ngokuqondile amandla kagesi abe amandla okukhanya. Ukukhanya komgwaqo we-LED kuwumthombo wokukhanya osebenza kahle kakhulu wesimo esiqinile osuselwe ku-semiconductor pn junction, ongakhipha ukukhanya ngamandla kagesi abuthakathaka. Ngaphansi kwevolthemu ethile yokuchema eqondile nomjovo wamanje, izimbobo ezijovwe ku-p-region kanye nama-electron ajovwe ku-n-region asakazekela endaweni esebenzayo ngemva kokuhlanganiswa kwemisebe futhi akhiphe ama-photon, aguqule ngokuqondile amandla kagesi abe amandla okukhanya.
Izinzuzo zokukhanya komgwaqo we-LED enkunguni nasemvuleni zingabonakala ezicini ezintathu:
1. Ukuqondiswa kwemvelo kokukhanya okukhishiwe;
2. Izici ze-Wavelength zama-LED amhlophe;
3. Imvamisa yale wavelength uma iqhathaniswa neminye imithombo yokukhanya.
Umehluko phakathi kokukhanyisa kwe-LED nayo yonke eminye imithombo yokukhanya ubude begagasi obubusayo lapho ikhipha khona amandla, nendlela amaconsi amanzi ahlangana ngayo noma athinta i-beam kuleyo wavelength, ikakhulukazi njengoba ubukhulu bamaconsi amanzi bushintsha.
Imithombo yokukhanya ekhipha amandla okukhanya ngokuyinhloko kumaza wamaza aluhlaza we-spectrum ebonakalayo, njengama-LED, isebenza kangcono kuneminye imithombo yokukhanya ezimeni ezingabonakali kancane.
Ukukhanya endaweni e-violet yohla lwe-spectral kunamaza amafushane amafushane kunokukhanya esifundeni esibomvu. Izinhlayiya zomhwamuko wamanzi emkhathini ngokuvamile zidlula ukukhanya ebangeni eliphuzi-owolintshi-obomvu, kodwa zivame ukuhlakaza ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Lokhu kungase kube ngenxa yokuthi izinhlayiya zamanzi ngokuvamile zifana namaza aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ngakho-ke, lapho isibhakabhaka sicwebile ngemva kwemvula noma umoya ucwebile ekwindla (kunezinhlayiya ezimbalwa ezimahhadla emoyeni, ikakhulukazi ukuhlakazeka kwamangqamuzana), ngaphansi komphumela oqinile wokuhlakazeka kwama-molecule asemkhathini, ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuyahlakazeka ukuze kugcwalise isibhakabhaka, futhi isibhakabhaka sibonakala siluhlaza. Lesi simo saziwa ngokuthi i-Rayleigh scattering.
Ezimweni eziphansi zokubonakala, izinhlayiya zamanzi ziyanda ngosayizi kuze kube yilapho zingasafani khona ngosayizi namaza okukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Kuleli qophelo, ziqhathaniswa ngosayizi namaza wamaza abomvu-owolintshi. Izinhlayiya zamanzi zivame ukusakazeka futhi zicindezele ukukhanya kulawa mabhande, kodwa zidlule ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Yingakho ukukhanya kwelanga ngezinye izikhathi kungase kubonakale kuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma kuluhlaza ngenxa yenkungu.
Kusukela kusayizi wezinhlayiyana zamanzi ukuya kubude beza, izibani zomgwaqo ze-LED ziyisinqumo esingcono kakhulu sezimo eziphansi zokubonakala. Izinga lokushisa lombala kanye nomklamo wokukhanyisa kudala izimo ezingcono kakhulu zomgwaqo phakathi nemvula nenkungu. Ngokuthuthukisa ukubonakala, izibani zomgwaqo ze-LED zigcina imigwaqo iphephile ezihlahleni zemvula nasezindaweni ezinenkungu.
Uma unentshisekelo ekukhanyeni komgwaqo we-LED, wamukelekile ukuthintana nomkhiqizi wokukhanya komgwaqo we-LED u-TIANXIANG kuFunda kabanzi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-02-2023